Behavioural Development行為發展

The behavioural development of Yi children is measured by a 5-item self-designed teacher-reported instrument. Teachers were asked to identify and rate problematic behaviours in Yi students; hence, a lower score in behavioural development here means a better outcome. As findings are counter-intuitive, we decide to reserve code this outcome variable, so that a higher score represents a more desirable behavioural outcome. For instrument information, please refer to the data access and instrument Section in the About the Project Page.

Using data of Yi children in cohort 1 (obtained from wave 1 to wave 4, i.e., between the year 2007 and 2009), we find that their behavioural outcome demonstrates positive change over time.

研究設計了一個包含五個範疇並由老師彙報的量表以量度彝童的行為發展。老師需要指出彝童的行為問題，並為其嚴重程度評分，因此，較低的分數代表較好的行為，而為更方便理解，故決定使用逆向碼來顯示數據，即較高的分數代表較良好的行為。有關量表的資訊，如欲獲取更多量表的資訊，請參閱本網頁的「數據和量表」頁面。

透過分析首組彝童的數據（取自第一至第四輪測試，即二零零七年至二零零九年），研究發現他們的行為健康隨着時間有正面的發展。

 

Improvement in Behavioural Outcome and Contributing Factors 行為健康的改善和相關的因素

Longitudinal analysis using multilevel modelling shows a statistically significant improvement in the behavioural outcome of Yi children from wave 1 to 4. We observe an average of 0.26 units of increase in behavioural scoring overtime (b=0.26, t=6.64).

The following discusses the regression findings on the effect of each factor, measured at wave 1, on the behavioural outcome:

Relationship Quality. Yi children who share a better relationship with their adopters show relatively better behavioural outcome (b=0.30, t=2.40), while relationships with other family members (i.e., father/late father, mother/late mother, and siblings) do not have an impact. Results support our conceptualization that relationship with caregivers will affect the behavioural outcome of Yi children.

Maternal and Paternal Status. Yi children with fathers who have disappeared show a significantly lower behavioural score than those whose father had passed away (b=-1.29, t=-2.88). These children demonstrate a higher level of externalising behaviours: Having a father that disappear on them means being abandoned while losing a father to death is an unfortunate event. Hence, it makes sense that Yi children with disappearing father will score lower on their behavioural health than those who have experienced paternal death. On the other hand, maternal status does not have an effect.

Ethnic and Cultural Awareness. Yi children with various levels of ethnic and cultural awareness do not show any difference in their behavioural outcomes.

Number of Siblings. Number of siblings is not associated with the behavioural outcomes of Yi children.

Demographics. Female Yi children tend to show better behavioural scoring than their male counterparts (b=0.41, t=1.92). Such finding is consistent with the prevailing literature, which suggests that boys are inclined to display higher levels of externalising behaviours than girls. Age is not a significant predictor of behavioural outcome.

多層次模型的縱向分析顯示，第一至第四輪測試期間，彝童的行為健康有明顯的改善，他們的行為分數在每一輪之間平均增加0.26個單位（b=0.26，t=6.64）。

研究運用了迴歸法分析了不同因素對彝童行為健康的影響，第一輪測試結果如下：

關係質素：與收養者關係較佳的彝童有較好的行為健康（b=0.30，t=2.40），但與其他家人的關係（例如：健在或已過身的父親、健在或已過身的母親及其他兄弟姊妹）並沒有明顯的影響。以上的結果證實了研究的構想，即彝童與照顧者的關係會影響他們的行為健康。

雙親的狀況：父親已失蹤的彝童的行為健康分數明顯低於喪父的彝童（b=-1.29，t=-2.88）。父親失蹤的彝童更容易有外化的行為（externalising behaviours），由於父親過身是一件不幸的事件，但父親失蹤則代表他們被遺棄，因此父親已失蹤的彝童的行為健康分數比喪父的彝童低是合理的結果。另一方面，母親的狀況則對行為健康分數沒有影響。

民族和文化意識：不同程度的民族和文化意識對彝童的行為健康分數沒有影響。

兄弟姊妹的數目：兄弟姊妹的數目和彝童的行為健康沒有關係。

人口特徵：相比於男性，女性的彝童有較佳的行為健康分數（b=0.41，t=1.92）。這結果和其他文獻吻合，即男生比女生更傾向有較多的外化行為，另外，年齡並不是一個能夠反映行為健康的因素。