Stepped Tenon (Half-Through Tenon)

Detail: The defining feature of the Stepped Tenon is its configuration at the point where the tenon and mortise meet on the same horizontal plane. Here, each tenon head is fashioned with either a half-length tenon, known as a stub tenon, or a full-length tenon, referred to as a through tenon. The through tenon extends completely through the joint, while the stub, or Stepped Tenon, features a broad base that tapers to a narrower protruding end, giving rise to its 'stepped' moniker. Through tenons typically extend from the rear of a beam's head or slot into a mortise at the column's intersection. The exact length of the projecting part of the through tenon is tailored to the specific requirements of the build. The Stepped Tenon design not only enhances the structural integrity but also minimizes potential damage to the column.

Process: The Stepped Tenon is characterized by a lengthy tenon traversing the mortise, while shorter mortise walls hold the extended section in position. At corners, it's typical to initially craft a square tenon on the extended side, and then carve a dovetail at a 45° angle, along with a corresponding mortise at the end. This configuration bolsters the stability and security of the structure. As per the "Engineering Manual of the Board of Works" from the Qing Dynasty, the 'big in, small out' tenon's thickness is generally set at, or marginally less than, one-fourth of the column's diameter, or it aligns with one-third of the beam's thickness. The portion of the tenon that passes through—the through tenon—is often fashioned with a square head or tailored into various shapes to fit the specific function and design requirements.

Material: Hardwood: Phoebe zhennan (Nanmu), Pine Wood, Teak, etc.

Origin: China

Number of Parts: 3 pieces

Period: Song Dynasty (960 A.D - 1279 A.D.)

Detachability: Detachable

Automatable: No

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